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No one shall be denied the right to appear before a competent judge to hear his/her
case.
• Protection from ex post facto laws
• Principle of no punishment without law
• International law
Article 20: Non retroactivity of criminal law
No one shall be subjected to prosecution, arrest, detention or punishment on
account of any act or omission which did not constitute a criminal offence under
national or international law at the time it was committed.
No one shall be punished with a heavier penalty than the one that was prescribed
under the Law at the time when the offence was committed.
Offences and related penalties shall be determined by an Organic Law.
Article 21
No person shall be subjected to security measures except as provided for by Law, for
reasons of public order and State security.
• Regulation of evidence collection
• Right to privacy
Article 22
The private life, family, home or correspondence of a person shall not be subjected to
arbitrary interference; his/her honour and good reputation shall be respected.
• Inalienable rights
A person's home is inviolable. No search of or entry into a home may be carried out
without the consent of the owner, except in circumstances and in accordance with
procedures determined by Law.
Confidentiality of correspondence and communication shall not be subject to waiver
except in circumstances and in accordance with procedures determined by Law.
• Freedom of movement
Article 23
Every Rwandan has the right to move and to circulate freely and to settle anywhere
in Rwanda.
Every Rwandan has the right to leave and to return to the country.
These rights shall be restricted only by the law for reasons of public order or State
security, in order to deal with a public menace or to protect persons in danger.
Article 24
Every Rwandan has the right to his/her country.
No Rwandan shall be banished from the country.
• Protection of stateless persons
• Extradition procedure
Article 25
The right to asylum is recognized under conditions determined by the Law.
The extradition of foreigners shall be permitted only so far as it is consistent with the
Law or international conventions to which Rwanda is a party.
However, no Rwandan shall be extradited.
• Provision for civil marriage
• Right to marry
Article 26: Marriage
Civil monogamous marriage between a man and a woman is the only recognized.
Rwanda 2003 (rev. 2010)
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